飛機需要加多少油? || How much fuel does a jet airplane need?

Taxi Fuel

Taxi fuel is the fuel used prior to takeoff and will normally include pre-start APU consumption, engine start and taxi fuel.

滑行到跑道+APU+引擎啟動所需要的油
如果需要除冰的話這段時間所耗的油也要列入考慮

Trip Fuel

The Trip fuel is the required fuel quantity from brake release on takeoff at the departure aerodrome to the landing touchdown at the destination aerodrome.

從跑道起飛到目的地降落所需要的油

Contingency Fuel

Contingency fuel is carried to account for additional enroute fuel consumption caused by wind, routing changes. The recommended minimum contingency fuel is the greater of 5% of the trip fuel or 5 minutes holding consumption at 1500' above destination airfield elevation computed based on calculated arrival weight.

5%Trip Fuel，因為可能會受到風的影響，或是航管要求改變路線

Alternate Fuel

Alternate fuel is the amount of fuel required from the missed approach point at the destination aerodrome until landing at the alternate aerodrome.

在目的地機場降落失敗前往備降場降落所需要的油

Final Reserve Fuel

Final reserve fuel is the minimum fuel required to fly for 30 minutes at 1,500 feet above the alternate aerodrome or, if an alternate is not required, at the destination aerodrome at holding speed in ISA conditions.

真的真的最後可以用的油，當你開始使用的時候可以declare “fuel emergency”，航管會讓你優先降落

Extra Fuel

Fuel added at the discretion of the Captain and/or the dispatcher

機長或簽派員可以決定額外加的油，可能因為機場塞車需要holding、航線上有很多Thunderstorm

Block Fuel

以上的油相加

Fuel Tankering

飛機上帶了足夠來回的油。

通常用在短程，因為目的地油價比較貴所以帶了來回的油，不過也要考量maximum take-off weight 跟 maximum landing weight

參考資料：

https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Fuel_-_Flight_Planning_Definitions

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